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我的本科毕业论文，就是研究中、英韵律诗的比较。不过全是用英文写的，下面是其中一部分，主要是英文韵律诗的格律，懂E文的可以参考一下。
英文十四行诗的押韵：
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A Petrarchan sonnet consists of two parts, the first of which is called the octave, including 8 lines, with a constant form of rhyme scheme as “abba abba”. The second part is the sestet, including 6 lines, usually with different forms of rhyme schemes, such as “cde cde” or “cdc dcd”, etc. John Milton’s “On His Blindness”, which is analyzed below, is a Petrarchan sonnet with the rhyme scheme “abba abba cde cde”.
When I consider how my light is spent, (a)
Ere half my days, in the dark world and wide, (b)
And that one talent which is death to hide (b)
Lodged with me useless, though my soul more bent (a)
To serve therewith my Maker, and present (a)
My true account, lest he returning Chide, (b)
Doth God exact day-labour, light deny’d, - (b)
I foundly ask: But Patience, to prevent (a)
That murmur, soon replies; God doth not need (c)
Either man’s work, or His own gifts: who best (d)
Bear His milde yoke, they serve Him best, His state (e)
Is kingly, thousands at his bidding speed (c)
And post o’re land and ocean without rest: - (d)
They also serve who only stand and waite. (e)
A Shakespearean sonnet follows the rhyme scheme “abab cdcd efef gg”. Most sonnets of William Shakespeare are in this form. Take Shakespeare’s “Sonnet 1” for example:
From fairest creatures we desire increase, (a)
That thereby beauty’s rose might never die, (b)
But as the riper should by time decease, (a)
His tender heir might bear his memory: (b)
But thou, contracted to thine own bright eyes, (c)
Feed’st thy light’s flame with self-substantial fuel, (d)
Making a famine where abundance lies, (c)
Thyself thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel. (d)
Thou that art now the world’s fresh ornament, (e)
And only herald to the gaudy spring, (f)
Within thine own bud buriest thy content, (e)
And, tender churl, mak’st waste in niggarding. (f)
Pity the world, or else this glutton be, (g)
To eat the world’s due, by the grave and thee. (g)
(Shakespeare, “Sonnet 1” 1-14)
Not only Shakespeare himself, many other British poets also write sonnets in Shakespearean form.
From the two examples, some basic rhyming characteristics of English metrical verses can be found. Firstly, there is usually more than one rhyme used in one verse. In English language, “homophonic words are not sufficient, if only using one rhyme in a verse, rhyming words are difficult to find” (辜正坤 22), so English poets always switch rhymes to avoid the difficulty on rhyming. Secondly, interlaced rhymes are widely used. Rhyme schemes such as “abba” or “abab” are found everywhere in English metrical verses.
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英文十四行诗的节奏：
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Generally, in one verse, only one type of poetic feet is used, but sometimes two or more. Poets are usually free to choose from these types of poetic feet (梁守涛 5).
In Shakespeare’s sonnets, iambic pentameters are always used. An iambic pentameter is a line with 5 iambic feet. e.g. line 5 to 8 in Shakespeare’s “Sonnet 18” (Feet are separated by “|” and stressed syllables are made bold).
Sometime | too hot | the eye | of hea- | -ven shines,
And of- | -ten is | his gold | complex- | -ion dimmed;
And eve- | -ry fair | from fair | sometime | declines,
By chance | or na- | -ture’s chan- | -ging course | untrimmed;
(Shakespeare, “Sonnet 18” 5-8)
Generally, each line is an iambic pentameter line. However, it is also found that sometimes an unstressed syllable appears at a place where it is supposed to be a stressed syllable, and vice versa, and in this case, the inappropriate syllable is always constrainedly read according to the foot type instead of its actual accent in order to comply with the meter” (辜正坤 21).
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（有版权的哦，不许转载 ）
[ 本帖最后由 张建昭 于 2007-10-12 13:46 编辑 ]
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